They are different.
The chain thickness is different between 9 & 10 speed, 10 spd being thinner than 9.
The 9 speed chain rings are thicker also.
This is my experience from trying a single 9spd E13 ring up front when i first went 1×10 some time ago. The chain sucked back up around the ring when pedalled
EDIT – Didn’t really read the title, ignore