I switched from civil engineering to software development over a period of years, id say I was productive from the start but I had a lot of very good help.
I do think that programming is something you get or you don’t.
What languages and frameworks are you using? You will need to know the syntax (if/loops/logical operators) the libraries (how to read write to astream) and the frameworks – these depend on the language for Java for example they would be JUint,Hibernate, Spring/EE
You would also benefit from knowing about the design patterns for the manages you are working with. Try and find a book that covers the GoF patterns with examples in your language.
There are on line resources that can help such as Linda.com and stack overflow. You can also try reddits such as r/programming and r/lean programming where you can work through problems and be critically assess.
As you mention sprints I’ll assumed you are using Scrum, many you could suggest doing some pair programming – this is another agile methodology here you and a coworker said a computer to work on a problem together.