Nicko74 re- testing. This is my take fwiw.
Europe just hasn’t had the capacity or resources for the combined testing, tracing contacts and isolating procedure to gain control. Germany were initially testing 4 or 5 times the capacity of UK, Spain and France but were still reporting their capacity wasn’t enough to catch all the spread.
UK couldn’t test,trace,isolate enough people in the community to have any impact (early testing capacity was 2.5k) so the testing focused on the hospitalised cases (similar to France and Spain). The testing is increasing but the spread is quicker.
Testing, tracing and isolating will be a big part of the control phase after the initial peak/wave so we will need a considerable increase in capacity in coming months to have a second go at control.
I believe UK testing capacity is now 10k a day with plan to increase to 25k a day but testing is only 1 part of the combined test,track,isolate procedure needed. Best use of resources will be key.