On the publication and citation points, it’s a very inexact science. A few random thoughts-
Different disciplines have very different expectations- synthetic chemistry can be: Make crystal, determine crystal structure, publish; rinse and repeat. Ten or a dozen papers from a thesis isn’t uncommon. By contrast, some of my better students have ended up boiling down 3-4 years of work and an entire PhD thesis into a single 20 page journal paper.
Size of research group is an important influence as stated above.
Biological sciences have been known to take the view ‘First author, last author or nowhere’. Other disciplines (e.g. geosciences) don’t seem to care. Computer sciences is all in conference proceedings; they don’t care about journals.
Citation rate is a very flawed metric because it depends strongly on the size of the global research community in that area. None of my most highly cited papers are actually in my main area of work (nuclear security and nuclear safety), though I would argue that area is far more important than the more highly cited sidelines. The problem is that there are very few sad nuclear obsessives out there, so you don’t tick up the citations.
Lots more I could say, but you’d all just get bored