my understanding is that doping comes from 2 directions
performance, make you go faster etc
injury recovery, get you back competing asap which may lead to performance doping to get back to the level etc
I would suggest that without a sport having a proper testing regime in and out of competition with a enforced whereabouts system cannot be declared as "clean". Golf, football, rugby, tennis etc are deluding themselves/ deliberately not tackling the issue
I would also suggest that testing should be introduced/ targetted for teenagers competing at a decent level as sports such as football/tennis where kids develop quickly and the "pushy parent" is about.
I to read the Dwain Cambers statement and the statements in the public domian of the investigation into an athlete and came to the same conclusion. Winning with dopers/ athletes who miss testing destroys a sport from the inside, no amount of Gold medals are worth it. It's a shame that the athlete can afford to pay for lawyers more than the governing body