It is handled better in other countries where teams of crack repairers are constantly out filling cracks with sealer as they appear. It’s a relatively cheap and easy/fast process as it’s just a liquid sealer that gets poured and it prevents freeze thaw action in the cracks causing them to develop further into potholes.
Local authorities need to have teams constantly on rounds like bin collections and litter picking to carry this out.
In terms of actually repairing what’s there, you can’t really do much better than they are now even with huge amounts of money. As has been stated there just isn’t the availability of surfacing plant, planing equipment, operatives and aggregate quarries to fix what’s there in a quick fashion, and closing that many roads in a condensed period causes absolute chaos for motorists.