Does such a thing exist? A list of things to check when viewing a prospective used bike purchase

I usually check for

Frame number still present…
Cracked frame
Fox forks worn stanchions
Worn out drive train.

Google? https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=Used+mtb+checklist

EVERYTHING

Unless you can fix it yourself, shop repair bills can be big.

Some but also budget for suspension service.

Check the frame for dents, dings & cracks.
Parts for wear and tear.

check if the frame has been resprayed. Ask what it was like / the reason for the respray. Just use common sense and give it a good look over.

Headset and wheel bearings/cones

Full Sus/Forks, I expect to have to replace seals/bushings/bearings so it’s not too much of a surprise if it happens at short notice.

Headset for play
Bottom Bracket for notchiness
Frame for dings/cracks etc
Drivetrain for wear, chain, cassette, rings, derailleur jockey wheels.
Play in pedal bearings.
Bushes/bearings etc if full sus
Fork/shock condition, recent service?
Wheel bearings
Wheels ‘trueness’
Tyre life
General condition of the bike, it’s usually obvious if a bikes been looked after and loved, and if it has it is more likely to be mechanically sound.

If any of the above are knackered, haggle accordingly.

Probably should add, make sure the seat post moves in the frame! Seized ones can be a nightmare.