no.
But it’s what it says on the pump..
I suspect it doesn’t. Diesel typically has a RON of around 50 – you specifically want it to pre-ignite, or the engine wont run. Premium diesel has exactly the same explosive qualities as non-premium (this is different to petrol; high-ron petrol is less ‘eager’ to explode, so more of it can be put in a cylinder at once, generating more power (but not more power per litre of petrol)).
The difference between cheap and premium diesel is what they add to it. It probably ‘cleans’ your engine a little, but whether this is actually advantageous is another question.
edit : looking at this article, v power diesel actually has less energy and a lower RON than regular diesel.. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_V-Power