Occams razer would state that you probably disturbed something doing the work you did
You’re very much onto something. Limp mode happens when the car receives conflicting sensor information about the amount of air and/or fuel that’s going in, so it reduces the power dramatically to make sure it’s not overboosting and destroying the engine. In turbo diesels probably the most common cause is the turbo vanes coking up which means they don’t move to where the computer wants them to. Probably the second most common cause is a leak in the air intake system usually because a hose has split or even popped off. When I did the engine mounts I was working around the air intake system.
I managed to read the codes with VCDS in generic OBDII mode and there was one code – “Leak in air intake system”. So it’s 95% certain that I’ve dislodged a hose as TJ says or possibly even forgotten to put it back on after moving it to access some bolts.
“The greatest trick German car makers ever pulled was convincing the world they were reliable”
They were reliable for a good period. The thing is that they’ve made a few key blunders, and they (like everyone else) have been cramming more and more stuff in the cars. They sell a lot of diesels of course, and there was a period where emissions regs have tightened and forced the use of technology that was fundamentally vulnerable. This affected German cars more cos they sold more diesels. That model of Passat, from one factory for about 9 months had a badly designed small part on the oil pump. A fairly small blunder in the grand scheme of things but it resulted in nearly every affected car failing spectacularly after about 50k miles and destroying its engine. Clearly bad press. But there are many other good engineering features that you never hear about. For example, some manufacturers used dual mass flywheels with little coil springs in as dampers. When these fail, the bits of spring can really mangle things up and even damage the bell housing. The flywheel I took off the Passat had leaf springs inside the flywheel so when they weakened they just stopped holding the two parts together. The result was a rattle on idle and a slight lack of damping under hard load, but no catastrophic failure. So despite all the issues I’ve had I would buy another VW.
The Merc, it has some pretty solid build features but those engine mounts looked a bit feeble for 500Nm of torque. That said, they didn’t actually fail. And there are some fairly flimsy clips in the engine bay too, the engine cover and air intake rattle a bit.