In case anybody else comes looking for an answer to the same question, I ended up ordering one of these and it seems to fit just fine:
http://superstar.tibolts.co.uk/product_info.php?products_id=439
It seems that basically all you need is a 45×45 ACB with 40mm ID, 52mm OD and a depth of 7mm.
The 45×45 refers to the fact that there is a 45 degre bevel on both the inner and outer races. ACB means angular contact bearing and the other numbers are just the inner (ID) and outer (OD) dimensions.
Hope make a replacement bearing that looks as though it might fit and may be better quality than the Superstar one, but I didn’t try it:
http://www.wiggle.co.uk/hope-15-tapered-headset-cartridge-bearing/