I’ve ridden Strada Bianche type trails in Italy plus various gravel paths like old railway lines, well-graded footpaths etc in the UK on my road bike with no issues at all. Did a really long gravel route around a reservoir in Italy once without realising that it was going to be gravel – got to the top of the road climb to the dam and the trail around the lake became gravel. Bike handled it fine although it did get quite dusty.
A lot of the lanes around here are little more than gravel in places, some “tarmac roads” can easily be rougher than routes like Tissington Trail, Monsal Trail and other old railway line routes.
It’s probably not something I’d be riding every day just for longevity of components but the bike will usually be fine. Should see some of the stuff that is ridden on the old Eroica Brittania rides by vintage road bikes!