Centronics doesn’t have angled edges on the female connector (ie, on the caddy), it’s the surrounding shielding. The sides of the ‘tongue’ should be straight. The mating side does look like Centronics but I don’t think it is, the height of the gap doesn’t look deep enough. You might be right though, it’s bad to tell.
SCSI-1 did actually use a Centronics connector – I’ve half a memory that I’ve seen something very similar to that video on the back of very old hot-swap server hard drives – so there’s a logic here that could suggest it’s some sort of converter, but there’s no circuitry on the interposer that I can see so that feels unlikely.
So if it is a Centronics plug but not SCSI, then I’m not aware of any sort of standard ATA > Centronics interposer. If you were to rig something that fitted physically you’d still have the issue of how it was wired electrically.