Some slightly iffy sweeping generalisations in there, brakes as above, I’d have new Alivio, not worn out Deore, and XTR cassettes aren’t the same as XT, they’re lighter…
I’m not convinced you’re going to find everything you want to know (as that seems to be absolutely everything) in one place, short of trawling Sheldon Brown or Park Tools, both of which I suspect cover most things, albeit amongst reams of information.
In terms of groupset compatibility, very briefly:
– Shimano 8/9 speed MTB and 8/9/10 road are cross compatible
– Shimano 10 speed MTB is different to everything else
– Shimano 11 speed road is different to everything else
– SRAM 9 speed MTB is different to everything else
– SRAM 10 speed road and MTB are cross compatible
– SRAM 11 speed road is different to everything else
– Campag doesn’t work with anything else, and generally isn’t cross compatible between 9/10/11 speed
There are some workarounds, bodges and exceptions, but that’s the broad thrust of it.
Cable brakes are road or MTB compatible, you can get “travel agent” type adjusters to make MTB brakes work with road levers. Shimano did change the pull on their brakes on the later 10 speed road groups, so they’re notionally incompatible with earlier levers.