If he'd just overtaken you that close to his turn then braked in front of you, 100% his fault IMO. I hope that you and your bike are OK and he will think twice about driving like a nob in future due to the repairs he will now have to make to his car.
As the OP said, the car was never really fully in front of him – basically (and I have this happen a lot on my way to work…) some cars, busses and trucks will think that as soon as they have drawn level with you and can't see you in their windscreen anymore you don't exist. This, unfortunately, is false, and they are crap drivers that should be removed from the road.
If I were in your situation I'd report it to the police as him driving away from the scene of an accident, and let them know about his (now) defective lights.
Depends on the car, if it's new then the light clusters can be pricey, and if he pays to have it fitted that's more £££.