I've opened up 4 fireplaces now – always used the same 'trick'
take a 2" wide bolster chisel and chase the plaster off to just that width, in a vertical line going up the middle of the chimney breast.
All things being equal you will eventually find out what is holding your fireplace open.
If you don't then it's a job for just patching up the 'chase' you put in, rather than a full re-plastering job (that's assuming the surrounding plaster is in good nick and has not lost it's key' and fallen off in the process…
In my last house it was, as mentioned above, 'just' bricks and mortar' but, with a piece of steel providing extra support – got lucky with my 2" chase – fell on a point where i could see the mortar joint changed, indicating a layer of bricks was laid different to the others = big clue where the top of the fireplace was..
Current house = needed pretty much gutting so, off with the bolster I went, exposing…
big stone lintel above small fireplace in lounge, left exposed when the plastering was done and
2 x 6ft x 5ft openings where kitchen ranges used to be, solid stone lintels and uprights….. again, cleaned up and left exposed, we store logs in them for the woodburner in the lounge 😀
Have fun – hope you find what you're looking for