Tape gives an impression of reinforcement and lay lead to higher pressures being attempted.
The main problem though is that it hides any damage. As with any pressure vessel, you should not consider charging one that shows any sign of physical damage. Likewise, it’s important to use a bottle that served fizzy pop, not water, juice etc as while they look indistinguishable one is rated for pressure and the other isn’t.
Plastic pop bottles as pressure vessels are remarkably fragile in some ways. While undamaged they’ll happily take 80 odd PSI, maybe a bit more if your cap seal is good. If they’ve been bashed about, squashed, folded etc they won’t and could fail in the manner described, although in honesty it’s more likely that the hose will pop off and the bottle shoot itself across the floor than become some sort of frag bomb.