If your great grandfather was hammering in railroad spikes for a living or working a plantation without pay, you’re going to have a far greater physical advantage, genetically, than if your great grandfather was a mohel.
As racist as that statement may sound, it’s true. Genetics is the great un-evener of the playing field, not PEDs. As long as humans from varying backgrounds play sports together there will never be such a thing as an even playing field.
I wouldn’t go quite this far but he’s right.
We’re very good at accounting for ‘visible disability’ but we don’t care a bit for invisible differences.
To illustrate, making some assumptions, who has the greatest impediment to performance? Sarah Storey who clearly has a malformed hand but can still ride a bike and might well have a genetically inherited VO2 max of say 90, or her classmate from school (not me, though we were at the same school) who doesn’t have a malformed hand but only has a VO2 max of 40?
Once Storey is up and running her hand deformity is probably neither here nor there but her VO2 max means she has a clear competitive advantage.