According to United Bicycle Institute:
Determine Maximum Chainring Difference by subracting the number of teeth in the smallest chainring from the number of teeth in the largest chainring
Determine Maximum Cassette Cog Difference by subtracting the number of teeth on the smallest cassette cog from the number of teeth on the largest cassette cog
Determine Total Drivetrain Capacity by adding Maximum Chainring Difference to the Maximum Cassette Cog Difference
Record the Maximum Cassette Cog (the number of teeth on the largest Cassette Cog)
For Shimano:
SS – Short Cage Road Double – Maximum Cassette Cog is 27 and Total Capacity is 29
GS – Medium Cage MTB/Road Triple – Maximum Cassette Cog is 34(MTB)/27(Road) and Total Capacity is 33(MTB)/37(Road)
SGS – Long MTB – Maximum Cassette Cog is 34 and Total Capacity is 45
For SRAM:
Short – Maximum Cassette Cog is 34(MTB)/28(Road) and Total Capacity is 32(MTB)/31(Road)
Medium – Maximum Cassette Cog is 34 and Total Capacity is 37
Long – Maximum Cassette Cog is 34 and Total Capacity is 45
For Campagnolo:
Short – Maximum Cassette Cog is 26 and Total Capacity is 27
Medium – Maximum Cassette Cog is 29 and Total Capacity is 36
Long – Maximum Cassette Cog is 29 and Total Capacity is 39
NOTE – THIS INFORMATION IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE BY MANUFACTURER
And a great source for all of this is Sutherland’s 7th edition
http://www.sutherlandsbicycle.com/7th_Edition.html
Hope that helps