I am by no means certain about this but i think data roaming might have needed to be switched on when the phone was last connected to the network in the UK.
Eg i switch my phone off as I’m about to board my flight for Alicante.
If at this point roaming is on then when I switch it back on in Alicante data roaming will work and I can now turn it on and off at will.
If before boarding the plane I have roaming OFF then I can’t (I think) turn it on again when I get there – well I can switch on but it won’t work.
That’s what all the service messages were telling me when on holiday in August. (We were outside the EU though so I REALLY didn’t want any data charges. I guess that could have made a difference)
In your case the android phone was maybe not set to roam before you left?