BTW, that first video on binary maths and it’s application to computers misses one rather important fact! It says “no times tables are necessary) but then shows the requirement to double numbers, which you might think requires tables, but in fact it doesn’t!
Because in binary or Base2, each number in the series 1,2,4,8 etc is already twice as large as the preceding one, so if you have a binary number, you can double it by simply “shifting” it leftwards, and halve it by shifting it right (so called bit shifting, which is very quick for digital logic to do)
i.e. look at the following series, 20,10,5 in decimal, shown in (8bit)binary:
20 is 00010100
10 is 00001010
5 is 00000101
you can see the same pattern, just shifted right or left!