I'll stick to my experience of road racing (bunch racing rahter than sportives) rather than general rides, as that seems to be what the question is about.
I did my first road racing last season, after 6 years road riding inc sportives latter two years with a compact and 12-25. The 1st two races were with a compact, and boy did I feel undergeared (french equiv of 4th cat). It felt actually dangerous, as when I would drop down form big to small and I was in the middle of the peloton, I felt like everyone behind me was about to slam into me, as my legs went from churning to spinning like crazy. Afte rthat I switched to 39/52 and all seemed much better and I was able to sit in with everyone much more smoothly.
So… I would say it also depends a lot on what the pack is riding! and I guess that would be a trad double i.e 39/52, 42/53 etc
Of course, dodn't assume that i actually finished any of the races. Why o why are entry level bunch races in France so long compared with the TLI, BC 4th cat etc? Standard race length seemed to be about 80km and would go form the gun at about 38km/hr….