I’ve got a Giant Defy with 105 rim brakes, and a Pinnacle Arkose with 105 Hydraulic discs.
In the dry there is very little difference, I’ve always thought the 105 rim brakes were pretty good actually.
In the wet however the discs are as good as in the dry, the only limiting factors are tyre grip on the road.
I’ve previously had a road bike with SRAM mechanical discs – they were OK but not as good as the 105 Hydraulics.
My next ‘summer’ road bike will have Shimano Hydraulic discs – partly for the extra security on a wet ride, and partly because it avoids rim-wear.
Note – one thing I have noticed is how stiff the Arkose front end is – not sure if this is anything to do with the fork being stiffer due to discs???