I don’t think the exotherm will be bad on that regardless of the material (assuming you don’t pick something not meant to be cast).
Some PUs get very hot but I’d assume that a casting specific formulation would take that into account.
I’d just our the whole lot in (although it would be a lot!) If you do need to mix up in batches you’d be fine pouring in one after the other when still wet.
Do you want it to be clear (even though it isn’t colourless?).
My familiarity is with epoxies. With a clear resin you shouldn’t need to degass. Any half decent formulator would be able to come up with a de-aerator and defoamer package so you didn’t need to.
I’d go with whatever you can get in quantity. You can get hard or soft materials with any of those chemistries. Polyesters and PUs tend to contain more nasty chemistry (Styrene and Isocyanates respectively). Epoxy isn’t great, particularly the amine curing agents used either!