Good question.
Improvements in manufacturing/design etc. mean that cars are potentially more reliable than they used to be.
But, there are more things to go wrong in a modern car, as well as them having to meet strict environmental targets, so being fitted with technology that helps the environment, but might hinder reliability (EGR valves, diesel particulate filters etc.)
I think a lot of it is how well they are looked after & how carefully/sympathetically they are driven.
My old Fiesta (’94 M reg) got to 144,000 miles before I got rid of it. The engine/gearbox etc. were all find but there was nothing I could realistically do to stem the tide of rust that was eating it away.
My current car (03 plate) is on 256k miles and still soldiering on. It gets serviced every 15k miles and anything that needs repairing on it gets done.
But I know other people who have had brand new cars and have had no end of problems with gearboxes, turbo’s and all sorts of other issues. An old colleague of mine had a Honda Civic in around 2006/7 that had a fuel issue and the car spent months at the dealership trying to sort it under warranty. In the end, Honda replaced pretty much the whole fuel system top get it working properly. Luck of the draw sometimes, I guess.