the data is stored on the phone itself.
Unless you told it to synchronise with Google?
Why are you walking around with important data in your pocket that you haven’t backed up anywhere, on a device that even says “would you like to copy your photos to the cloud” when you switch it on? I had to take pains to stop my HTC One from copying data liberally about the place.
I’ve every sympathy for the loss of your phone, that’s an expensive mistake and hopefully it’s insured. However, it’s hard to find any sympathy for the lost data, there’s really no reason for it. Look at this as a learning experience and make sure your next one is backed up.