7.93m is the restriction.
For most domestic races, they check the maximum selectable gear and do a rollout test. I know that on the continent they sometimes insist that the correct high gear must be used and won't accept a locked out mech. Shimano sell Junior specific cassettes, usually special order through most bike shops, they're 14-up or 15-up. Vast majority of UK races though will be fine with a locked out mech - National Junior RR Champs might insist on proper gearing though.
In theory at least, Junior gears should be checked by the Commissaire at the start and end of each race although sometimes it's only the podium places who are checked afterwards.
I admit I'm not a roadie but I don't understand why they limit gearing. Is it just rules for the sake of rules? Surely if they can push that high gear then they can use it or is logic just too sensible?!
It's a UCI rule, don't ask! In theory, it's supposed to stop young, still-maturing bodies/limbs from being put under too much strain and it also goes some way to levelling the playing field a little.