Basically reach is how long a bike feels when you’re standing up whilst effective top tube length tells you how long a bike is when you’re sitting down. The higher the stack (vertical distance between BB and top of headtube) the longer the ETT is for a given reach and the slacker the seat angle, the longer the ETT is for a given reach.
Therefore a bike with a slack seat angle and high front end will have a much shorter reach for a given top tube length, which means that if you’re trying to size bikes based on top tube length alone you could end up with one that feels scarily short or too long and unwieldy when descending, even if it feels spot on when sitting and pedalling.