Are you sure the engine is actually overheating, or is the gauge just going up & down? I believe temp gauges are pretty heavily damped, so quick movement of the needle is more likely to be an electrical issue than an genuine reading.
Had something similar on our 323F, and it took me 8 months to track it down!
Temp needle would rise quickly, then drop quickly too. I was doing the usual things when the needle went high, ie heater on hot and blower on full. It was when I did this and then opened a window I noticed that the electric window made the temp needle drop!!
I went round everything- changed coolant, checked water pump, changed thermostat, changed gauge temp sender (as domwells27 says, there’s often 2 senders), pulled hair out. Then went round the engine bay checking for any earthing faults.
Eventually found one of the connectors on the main earth wire from the engine block had corroded and was showing a high resistance. The engine was thus trying to earth via the easiest path, up the temp gauge!!
Cleaned up the connections, problem solved!!
Hope that helps.
Rob