Had a look at one of these at work a short while ago. There are plenty of them around, best on deep lakes where there are no strong currents, more stable water level (no tides, less impact from flooding) and piers would have to be so tall/deep they’d be impractical to build or finance.
The pontoons are anchored to the bottom, but you’ve still got the wind to worry about. Some pontoon bridges have had tugs put in place during heavy storms, pulling the bridge into the wind to stop the anchors snapping and the whole thing blowing away.
So the Atlantic has massive storms and very strong currents. How long would the anchors have to be? What sort of angle would they have to be at? And the lower the pontoons sat in the water to mitigate movement due to swell, the more they’d be susceptible to forces from currents. And how much would it cost to constantly inspect all the pontoons to make sure they were water tight?
For those reasons, I’m out.