Wait, what? You want to use the Edge as an external GPS receiver for your laptop, is that what you’re asking?
I would be very surprised if it worked in that manner (or indeed, if any dedicated USB GPS device did).
I’d expect you’d need something like GPSgate to provide virtual COM ports for your mapping application to connect to, at the very least. But the device would still need to be sending NMEA data over USB for GPSgate to pick up in the first place. Far as I know, the Edge presents simply as a mass storage device like a USB pendrive would. There might be some sort of vulcan nerve pinch to get it to mount differently (like when you put an Android phone in Debug mode) but I’ve no idea whether that’s possible of the Garmin.