Having done some reading up on this a while ago as I wanted to know the reasoning behind different crank lengths and what was optimum for me, it seems that for “general riding” that the general consensus is 21% of your inseam is supposedly ideal. Now of course this doesn’t allow for all sorts of other variables, and personal preference etc, but based on that fact with an 85cm inseam then that would suggest you run 178mm long cranks.
I’ve got an 84cm inseam, I should run 176mm long cranks.
If you’ve got an 80cm inseam, you should run 168mm long cranks.
Clearly this isn’t totally practical, hence you have fixed lengths at 165/170/175 etc. (and sometimes every 2.5mm with XTR etc.). But it does highlight 2 issues. For a company building mountain bikes, it’s much easier to just buy a load of 175mm cranks and fit them to everything, which until recently, was pretty much what happened all the time. So you could have a 70cm inseam at 1m60 tall (perfectly normal proportions for a shorter man or woman) where a 147mm crank length would be ideal, but the bike you buy comes with 175mm cranks fitted, which is ridiculous!
Now the “ideal” crank length isn’t that big an issue to be honest, as long as it’s somewhere in the ballpark and not ridiculously too long or too short, you will at least be able to ride the bike. It’s mainly down to other factors…
-Knee Pain (shorter cranks help here)
-Spinning (again, shorter cranks help here)
-Ground Clearance (shorter cranks again help)
-Personal preference
For most scenarios, shorter cranks are a better idea than longer ones. I used to suffer with knee pains, had trouble spinning, and had a bike with a low BB. Swapping from 175 to 170 cranks helped out a bit with all 3 issues I had.
The only time longer cranks are preferable is when leverage is preferential to cadence. So Singlespeeders (who don’t like their knees anyway) often fit long cranks with their 32:16 gear, whereas if they fitted shorter cranks and an 18T cog at the same time they’d be as fast and it would be easier to pedal. Track bikes run short cranks as a total opposite, as they need to maintain a very high cadence, and leverage is much less of an issue.
Personally, with an 84cm inseam even though technically 175’s are the right length for me, I prefer to run 170’s. I’ve tried 165’s but they felt too odd. So there you go…