Do you mean you’ve swapped the rear wheel for something with a Shimano 11spd cassette on it ?
I think Shimano 11spd cassettes sit slightly nearer the spokes.
I’ve heard this issue mentioned before, so it’s possible the Shimano tooth profile doesn’t quite hold the chain as well when back pedaling.
I don’t think chain tension or derailleur position has anything to do with it. Chainline would be more relevant, so too might the make/model of chain.
Although this won’t help, I have the 11-42 cassette and the chain never drops off when I back-pedal in 1st gear. That’s with a KMC 11-EL and X0 chainset with 30T Snaggletooth. Maybe I’m just lucky ?