looking at power is wrong, it is torque that matters.
power = T * Omega = torque x rotational velocity
so feet are not spiining at 3000rpm liek a car engine producing 1kw throught he alternator.
lets sayy 100 rpm means th eload ont eh belt is 30x higher. if you stamp th epedals from rest it would be even more, so it might transfer power, but it would slip in the process.
which strictly is exactly what a ‘fan belt’ does.
a toothed belt prevent slip as it it not relyign on friction to the same degree. hence being used where ‘timing’ matters, liek a cam belt.
a fan belt relies on friction to generate grip and needs tension to creat friction. a toothed belt only needs tension to prevent it jumping, it doesn stretch int he same way so the ‘tension’ is signifcantly less.
if you could get your head round the feelign of slip, and the loss of energy int he process, then a ‘fan belt’ would work on a bike, but it would not be efficient and would require large bearings to cope with the tension loads.