Does the need to provide a ‘pedestrian crumple zone’ really mean that a bumper can no longer handle a 2 or 3mph nudge Graham ?
I dunno. I’m not a car engineer.
I would guess though that designing to crumple is different to designing to bounce back – i.e. using sacrificial plastic mounts that snap when the bumper is compressed.
Does seem to vary though.
I drove into the back of someone at low speed at junction (entirely my fault 😳 ). It buckled in the boot of their car quite a bit, but my car was absolutely fine, with just a small broken clip on the bumper.